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As the demand for solar power continues to grow, there needs to be a clear focus on different key issues in the life cycle of a solar cell. These issues are: efficiency, durability and cost. Coupling PerkinElmer’s application knowledge and experience together with our product portfolio, we can help manufacturers overcome these obstacles. At PerkinElmer, we’re taking action to ensure the quality of our environment.
This note describes the test method for the quantitative analysis of aerosol oil and liquid oil typically present in the air discharged from compressors and compressed air systems. The method is rapid, sensitive and cost effective and shows the FT-IR can be an effective tool for the monitoring of oil content. The methodology followed for the analysis by FT-IR is reported in Bureau of Indian Standard and we have also tested for its ruggedness, spike recovery, linearity and detection limits.
The concept of High-Throughput Design has gained more and more interest as a way to increase profitability and to decrease research costs. One technique that can increase the ability of a laboratory to evaluate formulations is HyperDSC™ or High Ramping Rate DSC. HyperDSC is the ability to quantitatively measure small samples at extreme heating and cooling rates, typically 100-500 °C/min.
Infrared spectroscopy is particularly suitable for the identification of materials, even when the differences between the materials are subtle variations in complex mixtures. In this note we demonstrate that biodiesel from several common feedstocks can be distinguished on the basis of absorption bands arising from double bonds in the fatty acid chains.
Biodiesel is seldom used neat (B100), typically being blended with fossil diesel at ratios from 5% v/v (B5) to 30% v/v (B30). Verifying the FAME content of diesel-fuel blends is an important aspect of quality control and auditing of blending and distribution operations. Because FAME has a strong infrared absorption at 1745 cm-1 due to the ester carbonyl group, infrared spectroscopy is an excellent technique for this analysis, and there are EN and ASTM® standard test methods describing the procedure
Heat capacity measurement has been performed in order to detect a possible second Tg on nanocomposites of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with silicon oxide nanoparticles of different shape. StepScan™ DSC was used for determination of precise heat capacity and HyperDSC® to prevent degradation and identify devitrification of the RAF at elevated temperatures.
This study shows that DSC can be used to study the curing degree of the EVA resin by measuring the residual curing enthalpy. The data show that the residual curing enthalpy can be correlated to the curing time in a linear way. The DSC test is quick and easy.
Biodiesel fuels are often blended compositions of diesel fuel and esterified soybean oils, rapeseed oils, or other potential vegetable oils as well as fats. The physical and combustion properties of these biofuels have allowed them to achieve similar performance to diesel fuel. However, there are several characteristics that are of concern. These differences, especially the cetane reduction, require that adequate control of the biofuel concentration be implemented.
Where ΔCp and ΔCp pure are the changes in specific heat at the glass transition temperature, Tg, for the composite, and for the unfilled polymer, respectively. This work suggests an alternative method for determining Cp that takes advantage of fast heating and cooling rates to obtain quantitative Cp in the upper temperature region without having to dwell in that high temperature region to establish an upper isothermal.
One of the most challenging analytical problems with increasing importance is the possibility to analyze soil polluted by the dispersion of organic fluids which sometimes features particularly high boiling points. The current techniques used solvent extraction and headspace chromatographic analysis, have shown their limits. Solvent extraction needs time consuming sample preparation. Headspace makes it impossible to heat the sample at temperatures exceeding 200 °C, which risks not being able to identify the heaviest fractions of the polluting agents.
A gas chromatographic analysis of the extract can provide even greater sensitivity and more detailed compositional information, but further increases the time required for the analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled to infrared spectroscopy (TG-IR) can provide detailed information about the amount and nature of the pollution, while requiring no sample preparation at all. This application note illustrates the kind of data that can be obtained with a modern TG-IR system.
The intensifying global emphasis on developing sustainable fuel supplies has led to increasing use of fuels derived from biological sources. In this note we show that the Spectrum Two™ FT-IR spectrometer (Figure 1) can be used to develop a quantitative method with sufficient sensitivity to meet the required detection limits for methanol, water, C3–C5 alcohols and gasoline denaturant, while requiring less than two minutes of analysis time per sample.